极地驻留时间对认知功能的影响          下载免费PDF全文

闫巩固  王天乐  张学民  夏勇军  肖倩  黄志华 《极地研究》2011,23(1):62-67

记忆、空间认知等基本认知功能是影响考察人员能否在南极高寒、单调、孤立、封闭的极端环境下完成复杂任务的基础认知能力.关于极地驻留时间长短对认知功能的影响尚缺乏专门的研究.本文通过计算机记录反应时技术,追踪自度夏到越冬中期,中国南极第25次队长城站越冬人员短时再认、记忆搜索、空间认知能力随驻留时间延长发生的变化.结果表明:...  相似文献   

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS APPLICABILITY TO GEOGRAPHICAL PROBLEM SOLVING     

Terence R. Smith 《The Professional geographer》1984,36(2):147-158

Artificial Intelligence (AI) may be regarded as an attempt to understand the processes of perception and reasoning that underlie successful problem-solving and to incorporate the results of this research in effective computer programs. At present, AI is largely a collection of sophisticated programming techniques. Many of these techniques are based on the premise that the manner in which knowledge is acquired, organized, accessed and modified in both humans and machines provides the basis of “intelligent” decision-making. The techniques of AI are applicable to a wide variety of geographical problems, including the modeling of individual and aggregate decision-making, and the construction of expert systems and “intelligent” geographical information systems.  相似文献   

基于地理信息可视化的空间认知研究     

杨静飞  张强 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,36(7):12-14

地理信息可视化是在地理数据库驱动下,以地图形式表达地理信息的过程,它是可视化表达的重要组成部分。从空间认知的角度,深入研究地理信息可视化的过程;结合地理信息可视化的特点,提出了空间地理信息的表现形式以及空间认知的基本模式。  相似文献   

基于认知规律的地图可视化系统用户界面设计研究     

宋亮 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(10):170-173

地图可视化系统用户界面是实现用户和地图可视化系统交互的关键环节,但对这一情况目前地图学界还没有给予足够的重视。本文首先拓宽用户界面的概念并介绍了地图可视化系统用户界面元素,通过分析现有地图可视化系统用户界面设计中存在的一些问题,提出了基于认知规律的地图可视化系统用户界面设计原则,并通过实例进行了详细说明。  相似文献   

数字环境下面状要素分级设色的适宜方案分析     

姚翔宇  黄丽娜  于洋 《测绘学报》2022,51(2):290-300

为探究明度与色相同步变化时不同分级设色方案在数字环境下的适宜性,基于Munsell色彩调和秩序与CIEDE2000色差公式设计了7种分级设色方案,并开展了视觉认知试验。试验结果表明：①增加各级间色差会导致颜色辨识的准确性增强;②与各级间色差相等的色阶相比,色差先增大后减小的色阶有利于读图判别;③图斑面积分布均匀程度对颜色辨识的影响并不显著;④色阶的总色差增大,会导致颜色过渡的协调性降低。色差先增大后减小的色阶能产生较好的辨识效果,同时保持较好的色彩协调性,且相关规律可以推广到图斑面积分布均匀程度不同的地图中,在分级设色中运用具有优势。  相似文献   

Semantic Web and service computation in GIScience applications: a perspective and prospective     

Xuan Shi  M. Duane Nellis 《国际地球制图》2013,28(4):400-417

Semantic Web and Web services have been two prominent themes in the computer science and IT mainstream for more than a decade. While both of these themes have been evolving, some geographers and GIScientists have been trying to introduce and adopt such new technologies into GIScience research and development. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art and the main constraints of semantic Web and Web services technologies and their applications in GIScience. Unless some fundamental problems within both semantic Web and Web services can be resolved, such technologies will be difficult to match the needs in the GIScience community. Besides logics, more sciences and theories have to be introduced into this research front in order to break through the long-term bottleneck in semantic Web and service computation in general.  相似文献   

Testing the effects of positional uncertainty on spatial decision‐making     

S. Hope 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):645-665

There is now increasing agreement that the uncertainty associated with spatial information should be represented to users in a manner that is comprehensive and unambiguous. To assist with this task, researchers have developed a variety of methods to portray spatial uncertainty. While there has been some testing of the effectiveness of these displays, the possible effects of such representations on decision‐making have not yet been thoroughly investigated. Indeed, studies from the psychological literature indicate that people do not always make the same decisions when presented with the same information, and they can also be sensitive to the effects of presentation, task, and context. This paper examines how the use of four different methods to represent positional uncertainty can affect spatial decision‐making. The authors found that extremely significant differences in participants' responses were exhibited, depending on the manner in which positional uncertainty was displayed, although little difference was observed in the ability of the participants to comprehend the four display methods. In addition, strong preferences were recorded for certain representations over others.  相似文献   

Aggregation Issues in Cognitive Mapping     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):269-280

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Self-Organized Cognitive Maps     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):517-531

This paper argues cognitive mapping is a learning process that can be simulated by a self-organizing neural network. The learning of city locations was considered in two studies. One study focused on the learning of city locations on four continents. Results indicated the neural network aligned the cities producing systematic errors similar to those in human cognitive maps. A second study had a neural network learn a biased sample of city locations in the United States. Results indicated a non-linear relationship between cognitive and physical distances. Self-organized cognitive maps naturally produce this non-linear relationship when information from more than one scale is mapped into one space.  相似文献   

CTA评价颈动脉斑块成分及体积与脑血管症状相关性          下载免费PDF全文

李杨  查云飞 《CT理论与应用研究》2016,25(5):601-607

目的:采用CTA探讨脉颈动脉分叉部、颈内动脉虹吸段斑块成分和体积的差异、及其对脑血管事件的预测价值。方法:纳入行颈动脉CTA检查患者100人,其中男性65人,女性35人,平均年龄(55±9)岁。根据CT值的不同区分颈动脉分叉处及虹吸段斑块成分(脂质斑块<60 HU;混合斑块60~130 HU;钙化斑块>130 HU),并测量各成分斑块体积。分别使用独立样本T检验、χ2检验分析颈内动脉虹吸段与颈总动脉分叉部各组分斑块体积及构成比差异,并计算受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)及其曲线下的面积,分析斑块总体积、各成分斑块体积对预测出现脑血管症状的准确性。结果:颈动脉分叉段与虹吸段斑块总体积分别为(752.3±3.4) mm3,(56.2±5.541) mm3,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。颈内动脉虹吸段脂质斑块数量构成比为16.8%,钙化斑块数量构成比为49.1%,混合斑块数量构成比为34.1%;颈总动脉脂质斑块、钙化斑块、混合斑块数量构成比分别为33.3%,32.0%,34.6%,两处斑块数量构成比差异存在统计学意义(χ2=26.077,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示颈动脉分叉斑块总体积、脂质斑块体积及混合斑块体积对脑血管症状的发生有较好的预测价值(P<0.001),曲线下面积分别为0.682、0.773及0.653,且颈动脉分叉脂质斑块体积为203.383 mm3时为最佳截割点,敏感度、特异度分别为69.0%、82.2%。结论:颈动脉分叉部和颈内动脉虹吸部不同类型斑块体积和构成比间有显著差异,颈动脉分叉部脂质斑块体积对脑血管事件有较好的预测价值。   相似文献